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    <article id="post-组件和状态设计" class="article article-type-post  article-index" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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        <h4 id="能否独立负责项目？还是需要别人带着-？-—-考察设计能力"><a href="#能否独立负责项目？还是需要别人带着-？-—-考察设计能力" class="headerlink" title="能否独立负责项目？还是需要别人带着 ？ — 考察设计能力"></a>能否独立负责项目？还是需要别人带着 ？ — 考察设计能力</h4><h4 id="面试必考-（二面-三面）-场景题"><a href="#面试必考-（二面-三面）-场景题" class="headerlink" title="面试必考 （二面/三面） 场景题"></a>面试必考 （二面/三面） 场景题</h4><h5 id="数据驱动视图"><a href="#数据驱动视图" class="headerlink" title="数据驱动视图"></a>数据驱动视图</h5><p>状态 : 数据结构设计 （React -state , Vue -data ）</p>
<p>视图： 组件结构和拆分</p>
<h5 id="todolist"><a href="#todolist" class="headerlink" title="todolist"></a>todolist</h5><h6 id="state-数据结构设计"><a href="#state-数据结构设计" class="headerlink" title="state 数据结构设计"></a>state 数据结构设计</h6><ul>
<li>用数据描述所有的内容</li>
<li>数据要结构化，易于程序操作（遍历，查找）</li>
<li>数据要可扩展，以便增加新的功能</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B776.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p>用数组对象描述所有的内容</p>
<p>对象可以很方便的实现数据的结构化</p>
<p>对象也能很方便的实现可扩展性</p>
<h6 id="组件设计-拆分，组合-和-组件通讯"><a href="#组件设计-拆分，组合-和-组件通讯" class="headerlink" title="组件设计 (拆分，组合) 和 组件通讯"></a>组件设计 (拆分，组合) 和 组件通讯</h6><ul>
<li>从功能上拆分层次</li>
<li>尽量让组件原子化</li>
<li>容器组件（只管理数据）&amp; UI 组件 (只显示视图)</li>
</ul>
<p>从功能上拆分组件，所以，例如2个列表，虽然它们显示的数据不一样，但是功能上可以认为是一样的，所以，可以用一个组件实现。对于一个页面，实现从大到小的组件拆分。</p>
<p>组件的原子性，组件的分层，尽量让每个组件实现单一功能。</p>
<p>UI 组件只管显示和交互 ，容器组件只管数据</p>
<p>每个组件只实现单一的功能，所以UI 组件 负责了显示和交互，数据管理就不归它负责。</p>
<p>而容器组件负责了数据管理，UI 就不归它管理了</p>
<p>容器管理组件一般是顶级组件，一般位于最外层。</p>
<p>功能和内容没关系，内容和数据有关系</p>
<p>内容最终是通过服务器端获取的，容器组件的功能就是管理内容，内容就是数据的一大部分</p>
<p>也可以使用 redux  进行数据的管理</p>
<ul>
<li>按功能实现了对组件拆分，实现组件单一功能</li>
<li>数据的管理被统一集中到了一个组件，可以认为数据的管理就是一个功能</li>
<li>内容是数据的一部分，从服务端获取</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="购物车"><a href="#购物车" class="headerlink" title="购物车"></a>购物车</h5><ul>
<li>data 数据结构设计</li>
<li>组件设计和组件通讯</li>
</ul>
<p>容器组件怎么管理数据</p>
<p>组件的设计和组件间的通信</p>

      

      

      
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        <h4 id="webpack-基本配置"><a href="#webpack-基本配置" class="headerlink" title="webpack 基本配置"></a>webpack 基本配置</h4><h5 id="拆分配置-和-merge"><a href="#拆分配置-和-merge" class="headerlink" title="拆分配置 和 merge"></a>拆分配置 和 merge</h5><p>webpack 的配置 分成 3 个 文件，基础配置 ，开发者模式配置，生产模式配置</p>
<h5 id="启动本地服务"><a href="#启动本地服务" class="headerlink" title="启动本地服务"></a>启动本地服务</h5><p>安装 webpack-dev-server  启动服务，命令行执行 对应的 webpack 配置文件</p>
<p>本地服务器的代理配置，实现跨域</p>
<h5 id="es6"><a href="#es6" class="headerlink" title="es6"></a>es6</h5><p>使用 babel-loader 进行 es6 代码的 处理，需要配置 .babelrc 文件</p>
<h5 id="处理样式"><a href="#处理样式" class="headerlink" title="处理样式"></a>处理样式</h5><p>Loader 的 执行顺序是 : 从后往前</p>
<p>css-loader 用于把所有的 css 打包成一个 css 文件</p>
<p>style-loader 把 css 样式 放到 style 标签当中</p>
<p>postcss-loader 用于 处理 css 的 浏览器兼容问题</p>
<p>给一些 css 样式 添加 浏览器的前缀，让样式的兼容性更好</p>
<h5 id="处理图片"><a href="#处理图片" class="headerlink" title="处理图片"></a>处理图片</h5><p>线上考虑使用 url-loader 把 小图片打包成 base64 格式 </p>
<p>大图片则 仍然使用 file-loader 产出 url 格式的图片</p>
<h5 id="js-文件名"><a href="#js-文件名" class="headerlink" title="js 文件名"></a>js 文件名</h5><p>打包时，给 js文件名 加上 contentHash 的后缀名，有利于文件的缓存</p>
<h5 id="模块化"><a href="#模块化" class="headerlink" title="模块化"></a>模块化</h5><p>配合 es6 的模块化</p>
<h5 id="前端的模块化标准"><a href="#前端的模块化标准" class="headerlink" title="前端的模块化标准"></a>前端的模块化标准</h5><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>模块化</th>
<th>产物</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>CommonJS</td>
<td>node.js</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AMD</td>
<td>require.js</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CMD</td>
<td>sea.js</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>es6 模块化</td>
<td>webpack</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="什么是模块"><a href="#什么是模块" class="headerlink" title="什么是模块"></a>什么是模块</h6><ul>
<li><p>将一个复杂的程序按依据一定的规则封装成几个块（文件），并进行组合在一起</p>
</li>
<li><p>块的内部数据与实现是私有的，只是向外部暴露一些接口（方法）与外部的其它模块通信</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="CommonJs-和-es6-模块化的区别"><a href="#CommonJs-和-es6-模块化的区别" class="headerlink" title="CommonJs 和 es6 模块化的区别"></a>CommonJs 和 es6 模块化的区别</h6><ul>
<li>在服务端，模块的加载是运行时同步加载的，在浏览器端，模块需要提前编译打包</li>
<li>CommonJS 规范的加载模块是同步的，动态引入，执行时引入</li>
<li>CommonJs模块输出的是变量的拷贝，ES6模块输出的是变量的引用</li>
<li>CommonJS 模块是运行时加载，ES6模块是编译时输出接口</li>
<li>CommonJs 模块无论加载多少次，都只会在第一次加载时运行一次，以后加载，返回的都是第一次运行结果的缓存。</li>
<li>ES6 模块化是静态引入，编译时引入</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="webpack-高级配置"><a href="#webpack-高级配置" class="headerlink" title="webpack 高级配置"></a>webpack 高级配置</h4><h5 id="多入口"><a href="#多入口" class="headerlink" title="多入口"></a>多入口</h5><p>entry 要写多个 ，output 用 [name] 定义输出多个 js文件</p>
<p>plugins 里面 要针对每一个入口  都生成 一个 <code>HtmlWebpackPlugin</code> 实例</p>
<h5 id="抽离出css-文件"><a href="#抽离出css-文件" class="headerlink" title="抽离出css 文件"></a>抽离出css 文件</h5><p>安装  mini-css-extract-plugin 插件 ，再使用 css-loader 把 css 文件 抽离出来，但是不用 style-loader ，把 css 打包 到 js 文件中 ，因为线上环境需要把 css 文件单独抽离出来。再 对 css 文件 进行压缩。</p>
<h5 id="抽离出公共代码"><a href="#抽离出公共代码" class="headerlink" title="抽离出公共代码"></a>抽离出公共代码</h5><ol>
<li>第三方模块希望单独打包</li>
<li>打包多页应用的时候会出现一个模块被多个入口js文件反复打包的情况。</li>
<li>如果只有一个入口js文件，那么是不会出现模块重复打包的情况的。</li>
</ol>
<p>使用 splitChunk 进行分割代码</p>
<p>第三方模块取名 vendor </p>
<p>公共的模块 取名 common </p>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B7140.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p>打包出来之后，一般一个 html 页面就会引入 3个 js文件</p>
<ol>
<li>vendor.js   </li>
<li>common.js  </li>
<li>[name].js</li>
</ol>
<p>在 entry 和 cacheGroups 中定义 chunk , 在<code>HtmlWebpackPlugin</code> 中 定义 当前的 html 页要引入的chunk </p>
<h5 id="懒加载"><a href="#懒加载" class="headerlink" title="懒加载"></a>懒加载</h5><p>异步加载 js 代码，引入动态数据 ，使用异步加载 js 代码也 会产出 chunk ，这个和 vue 中 的 异步加载组件是一个原理的，也就是所谓的路由懒加载。</p>
<h5 id="处理-jsx"><a href="#处理-jsx" class="headerlink" title="处理 jsx"></a>处理 jsx</h5><p>使用 babel ，把 babel 的配置改成 处理 react 就行</p>
<h5 id="处理-VUE"><a href="#处理-VUE" class="headerlink" title="处理 VUE"></a>处理 VUE</h5><p>安装 vue-loader ，使用 vue-loader 处理 .vue 文件</p>
<h4 id="module-chunk-bundle-的区别"><a href="#module-chunk-bundle-的区别" class="headerlink" title="module chunk bundle 的区别"></a>module chunk bundle 的区别</h4><ul>
<li>module 各个源码文件， webpack 中一切皆模块</li>
<li>chunk 多模块合并成的，如 entry import() splitChunk</li>
<li>bundle  最终的输出文件，bundle 可以是多个文件</li>
</ul>
<p>chunk 就是 模块合并成的代码片段，但是还没有输出成文件</p>
<h4 id="webpack-性能优化"><a href="#webpack-性能优化" class="headerlink" title="webpack 性能优化"></a>webpack 性能优化</h4><ul>
<li>优化打包构建速度 - 开发体验和效率 - 生产环境</li>
<li>优化产出代码 - 产品性能  -  线上环境</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="webpack-性能优化-构建速度"><a href="#webpack-性能优化-构建速度" class="headerlink" title="webpack 性能优化 - 构建速度"></a>webpack 性能优化 - 构建速度</h4><ul>
<li>优化 babel-loader</li>
</ul>
<p>第三方模块不要加入 babel 的编译，babel 开启代码的缓存</p>
<ul>
<li>IgnorePlugin</li>
<li>noParse</li>
<li>happyPack</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>js 单线程，开启多进程打包</li>
<li>提高构建速度 （特别是多核CPU）</li>
<li>项目较大，打包较慢，开启多进程能提高速度</li>
<li>项目较小，打包很快，开启多进程会降低速度（进程开销）</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>ParallelUglifyPlugin</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>webpack 内置 Uglify 工具压缩 JS</li>
<li>JS 单线程，开启多进程压缩更快</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>自动刷新</li>
</ul>
<p>使用 devServer,使用之后 webpack-dev-server 会自动开启刷新浏览器，保存代码之后，页面就自动刷新</p>
<ul>
<li>热更新</li>
</ul>
<p>自动更新是整个网页全部更新，速度较慢</p>
<p>自动刷新会导致整个网页全部刷新，状态会丢失</p>
<p>典型的例子，spa网页路由自动刷新后，就去到了首页</p>
<p>热更新: 新代码生效，网页不刷新，状态不丢失</p>
<p>热更新的成本，需要你手动去确定哪些模块的修改是使用热更新模式的</p>
<ul>
<li>DllPlugin </li>
</ul>
<p>动态链接库插件</p>
<p>Vue 和 React 这些库 比较稳定，而且体积比较大，所以在生产环境进行开发的时候是没必要每次构建都对Vue 和 React 进行 打包的</p>
<ul>
<li>DllPlugin 打包出 dll 文件</li>
<li>DllReferencePlugin - 使用 dll 文件</li>
</ul>
<p>实现的效果类似于直接通过 script 标签 引入 Vue 和 React , 这样 Vue 和 React 的代码就不需要在构建的时候被打包，直接通过script 标签引入就行了</p>
<h4 id="Webpack-性能优化-产出代码"><a href="#Webpack-性能优化-产出代码" class="headerlink" title="Webpack 性能优化 - 产出代码"></a>Webpack 性能优化 - 产出代码</h4><p>体积更小</p>
<p>合理分包，不重复加载</p>
<p>速度更快，内存使用更少</p>
<h5 id="小图片-Base64-编码"><a href="#小图片-Base64-编码" class="headerlink" title="小图片 Base64 编码"></a>小图片 Base64 编码</h5><h5 id="hundle-加-hash"><a href="#hundle-加-hash" class="headerlink" title="hundle 加 hash"></a>hundle 加 hash</h5><h5 id="懒加载-1"><a href="#懒加载-1" class="headerlink" title="懒加载"></a>懒加载</h5><h5 id="提取公共代码，把第三方模块的代码单独打包出来"><a href="#提取公共代码，把第三方模块的代码单独打包出来" class="headerlink" title="提取公共代码，把第三方模块的代码单独打包出来"></a>提取公共代码，把第三方模块的代码单独打包出来</h5><h5 id="IngorePlugin"><a href="#IngorePlugin" class="headerlink" title="IngorePlugin"></a>IngorePlugin</h5><h5 id="使用CDN-加速"><a href="#使用CDN-加速" class="headerlink" title="使用CDN 加速"></a>使用CDN 加速</h5><h5 id="使用production"><a href="#使用production" class="headerlink" title="使用production"></a>使用production</h5><ul>
<li>自动开启代码压缩</li>
<li>Vue React 等会自动删掉调试代码（如开发环境的 warning）</li>
<li>启用 Tree-Shaking</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="Tree-Shaking"><a href="#Tree-Shaking" class="headerlink" title="Tree-Shaking"></a>Tree-Shaking</h5><ul>
<li><p>使用了Tree-Shaking 会删除模块中没有被使用到的函数代码</p>
</li>
<li><p>ES6 module 才能让 tree-shaking 生效</p>
</li>
<li><p>只有ES6 Module 才能静态分析，实现 Tree-Shaking</p>
</li>
<li><p>ES6 Module 静态引入，编译时引入</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="Scope-Hosting"><a href="#Scope-Hosting" class="headerlink" title="Scope Hosting"></a>Scope Hosting</h5><ul>
<li>代码体积更小</li>
<li>创建函数作用域更少</li>
<li>代码可读性更好</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="babel"><a href="#babel" class="headerlink" title="babel"></a>babel</h4><ul>
<li>前端开发环境必备工具</li>
<li>同webpack ，需要了解基本的配置和使用</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="babel-plugin-和-babel-presets"><a href="#babel-plugin-和-babel-presets" class="headerlink" title="babel-plugin 和 babel-presets"></a>babel-plugin 和 babel-presets</h5><p>bable 是 通过 plugin 来实现 代码的转换的，presets 是 bable 的预设， babel 通过 preset 把 一些 plugin 默认开启使用。</p>
<p>例如， 使用 presets-react 就可以 让babel 使用 react 相关的 plugin 来 编译 jsx 代码</p>
<h5 id="babel-polyfill"><a href="#babel-polyfill" class="headerlink" title="babel-polyfill"></a>babel-polyfill</h5><p>core-js  和  regenerator </p>
<p>Babel-polyfill 即两者的集合</p>
<p>Balel-polyfill 现已被弃用</p>
<p>推荐直接使用 core-js 和 regenerator </p>
<p>core-js 和 regenerator  用js 的语法 对 es6 的 新 API 进行了 实现</p>
<p>babel 不处理模块化，模块化需要由 webpack 进行处理</p>
<h5 id="babel-polyfill-按需引入"><a href="#babel-polyfill-按需引入" class="headerlink" title="babel-polyfill 按需引入"></a>babel-polyfill 按需引入</h5><p>直接使用 core.js  进行配置</p>
<h5 id="babel-polyfill-的问题"><a href="#babel-polyfill-的问题" class="headerlink" title="babel-polyfill 的问题"></a>babel-polyfill 的问题</h5><p>如果是使用 babel-polyfill 构建 第三方库，可能会导致污染全局作用域。</p>
<h5 id="babel-runtime"><a href="#babel-runtime" class="headerlink" title="babel-runtime"></a>babel-runtime</h5><p>babel-runtime 作为一个 babel Plugin 进行使用</p>
<p>给 core.js 解决命名问题，避免污染全局环境</p>
<h5 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h5><p>babel 主要分为预设和插件，预设也是插件的集合。</p>
<p>babel-runtime   babel-polyfill 都是 babel 的插件 </p>
<p>babel 编译js 代码的 流程包括 解析，使用 babylon 这个插件完成，转换 ，使用 babel-traverse 插件完成，生成 ，使用 babel-generator 完成</p>
<p>而 babel-core 这个插件 对 这三个插件进行了结合，也就是通过 babel-core 这个插件 就能 编译 js 代码 到 低版本的 js 代码</p>
<p>babel-core 只是 转换新标准引入的语法，比如 es6 的箭头函数，而对于 新标准引入的 新的原生对象，部分原生对象新增的原型方法，新增的api，需要引入 babel-polyfill 解决。</p>
<p>因为 babel-polyfill 存在的问题，所以现在 推荐 的方法是使用 plugin-transform-runtime 插件 + core.js 去替代 babel-polyfill 的 功能。如果自己使用的话，也可以是 babel-polyfill + core.js 配置按需加载 进行使用</p>
<h4 id="前端为什么要进行打包和构建"><a href="#前端为什么要进行打包和构建" class="headerlink" title="前端为什么要进行打包和构建"></a>前端为什么要进行打包和构建</h4><h5 id="代码层面"><a href="#代码层面" class="headerlink" title="代码层面"></a>代码层面</h5><p>体积更小（Tree-Shaking,压缩，合并），加载更快 </p>
<p>编译高级语言和语法 （ES6+，模块化）</p>
<p>兼容性和错误检查 （polyfill postcss eslint）</p>
<h5 id="研发流程"><a href="#研发流程" class="headerlink" title="研发流程"></a>研发流程</h5><p>统一，高效的开发环境</p>
<p>统一的构建流程和产出标准</p>
<p>集成公司构建规范</p>
<h4 id="loader-和-plugin"><a href="#loader-和-plugin" class="headerlink" title="loader 和 plugin"></a>loader 和 plugin</h4><p>loader 模块转换器</p>
<p>plugin 扩展插件</p>
<h4 id="babel-和-webpack"><a href="#babel-和-webpack" class="headerlink" title="babel 和 webpack"></a>babel 和 webpack</h4><p>babel - JS 新语法编译工具</p>
<p>webpack  打包构建工具，是多个 loader plugin 的集合</p>
<h4 id="webpack-如何实现懒加载"><a href="#webpack-如何实现懒加载" class="headerlink" title="webpack 如何实现懒加载"></a>webpack 如何实现懒加载</h4><ul>
<li>import()</li>
<li>结合 Vue React 异步组件</li>
<li>结合 Vue-router  React-router 异步加载路由 </li>
</ul>

      

      

      
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        <h4 id="var-和-let-const-的区别"><a href="#var-和-let-const-的区别" class="headerlink" title="var 和 let const 的区别"></a>var 和 let const 的区别</h4><p>var有变量提升</p>
<p>var  和 let 是 变量，可修改;const 是常量，不可修改</p>
<p>let const 有块级作用域 ， val 没有</p>
<p>let 和 const 都没有变量提升的效果</p>
<h4 id="typeof-返回哪些类型"><a href="#typeof-返回哪些类型" class="headerlink" title="typeof 返回哪些类型"></a>typeof 返回哪些类型</h4><ul>
<li>undefined  string number boolean symbol</li>
<li>object ( typeof null === ‘object’)</li>
<li>function</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="列举强制类型转换和隐式类型转换"><a href="#列举强制类型转换和隐式类型转换" class="headerlink" title="列举强制类型转换和隐式类型转换"></a>列举强制类型转换和隐式类型转换</h4><ul>
<li>强制 paeseInt parseFloat toString</li>
<li>if  逻辑运算   ==   + 拼接字符串</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="数组-slice-和-splice-的区别"><a href="#数组-slice-和-splice-的区别" class="headerlink" title="数组 slice 和 splice 的区别"></a>数组 slice 和 splice 的区别</h4><ul>
<li>slice -切片  splice -剪切</li>
<li>参数和 返回值</li>
<li>是否纯函数</li>
</ul>
<p>slice 不会对原数组造成影响，splice 会对原数组造成影响，通过splice 可以实现对原数组增删元素,splice 用于向原数组中增加删除元素</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> arr = [<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">30</span>, <span class="number">40</span>, <span class="number">50</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// slice 的参数是写2个 就是 截取 l 到 r 这个 区间 ，不包括 arr[r] 这个数 </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 写一个就是截取 从这个数开始 ，到 结束 这个部分</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// // slice 纯函数</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> arr1 = arr.slice()   <span class="comment">// [10,20,30,40,50]</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> arr2 = arr.slice(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">4</span>) <span class="comment">// [20,30,40]</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> arr3 = arr.slice(<span class="number">2</span>)  <span class="comment">// [30,40,50]</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> arr4 = arr.slice(<span class="number">-3</span>) <span class="comment">// [30,40,50]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//  splice 非纯函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// splice 的 2个参数是截取开始的位置和要截取的长度，然后原数组会丢失被截取的部分，函数返回截取的部分，后面的参数是在截取的开始位置添加元素</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// const spliceRes = arr.splice(1, 2, 'a', 'b', 'c')</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//  const spliceRes1 = arr.splice(1, 2)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//  const spliceRes2 = arr.splice(1, 0, 'a', 'b', 'c')</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// console.log(spliceRes, arr)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="10-20-30-map-parseInt"><a href="#10-20-30-map-parseInt" class="headerlink" title="[10,20,30].map(parseInt)"></a>[10,20,30].map(parseInt)</h4><p>返回  [10,NaN,NaN]</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">30</span>].map(<span class="function">(<span class="params">num, index</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="built_in">parseInt</span>(num, index)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>parseInt 会把输入的数字转换成字符串，然后再进行解析</p>
<p>parseInt 的 第二个参数是进制数，可以是0, [2,36],作用是把第一个参数当成第二个参数设定的进制数进行解析，然后返回对应的10进制数，就是说明第一个参数输入的是多少进制的数字</p>
<p>0 的话 就是 10 进制</p>
<p>默认的话也是10进制</p>
<h4 id="ajax-请求-get-和-post-的-区别"><a href="#ajax-请求-get-和-post-的-区别" class="headerlink" title="ajax 请求 get 和 post 的 区别"></a>ajax 请求 get 和 post 的 区别</h4><ul>
<li>get 一般用于查询操作，post 一般用户提交操作</li>
<li>get 参数拼接在 url 上，post 放在请求体内(数据体积可更大)</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="函数-call-和-apply-的-区别"><a href="#函数-call-和-apply-的-区别" class="headerlink" title="函数 call 和 apply 的 区别"></a>函数 call 和 apply 的 区别</h4><ul>
<li>参数传入的区别</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="事件代理-委托-是什么"><a href="#事件代理-委托-是什么" class="headerlink" title="事件代理(委托)是什么"></a>事件代理(委托)是什么</h4><p>父标签在事件的冒泡阶段对子元素的事件进行处理，通过事件代理实现一个事件绑定监听多个子元素的触发事件</p>
<h4 id="闭包的概念"><a href="#闭包的概念" class="headerlink" title="闭包的概念"></a>闭包的概念</h4><blockquote>
<p>闭包就是能够读取其他函数内部变量的函数</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="闭包的应用场景"><a href="#闭包的应用场景" class="headerlink" title="闭包的应用场景:"></a>闭包的应用场景:</h4><p>函数作为参数被传入，作为返回值被返回</p>
<p>自由变量的查找，要在函数定义的地方（而非执行的地方）</p>
<h4 id="闭包的影响"><a href="#闭包的影响" class="headerlink" title="闭包的影响"></a>闭包的影响</h4><p>变量会常驻内存，得不到释放。闭包不要乱用。</p>
<h4 id="箭头函数"><a href="#箭头函数" class="headerlink" title="箭头函数"></a>箭头函数</h4><p>箭头函数让 this 指向 函数定义的作用域，arguments 也是指向了 函数定义的 作用域 。</p>
<p>箭头函数没有自己的this,arguments ,super 或 new.target</p>
<p>它的 this,arguments 都是在定义函数时绑定外层的this和 arguments ，而不是在 执行的 过程 中绑定的，所以不会因为调用者的不同而发生改变。</p>
<p>箭头函数若想得到自身的入参列表 arguments ， 必须使用剩余参数表示法。</p>
<h4 id="如何阻止事件的冒泡和默认行为"><a href="#如何阻止事件的冒泡和默认行为" class="headerlink" title="如何阻止事件的冒泡和默认行为"></a>如何阻止事件的冒泡和默认行为</h4><p>event.stopPropagation()</p>
<p>event.preventDefault()</p>
<h4 id="增删改查-DOM-元素"><a href="#增删改查-DOM-元素" class="headerlink" title="增删改查 DOM 元素"></a>增删改查 DOM 元素</h4><h4 id="如何减少DOM-操作"><a href="#如何减少DOM-操作" class="headerlink" title="如何减少DOM 操作"></a>如何减少DOM 操作</h4><ul>
<li>缓存DOM查询结果</li>
<li>多次DOM操作，合并到一次插入</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="解释jsonp-原理，为何不是真正的ajax"><a href="#解释jsonp-原理，为何不是真正的ajax" class="headerlink" title="解释jsonp 原理，为何不是真正的ajax"></a>解释jsonp 原理，为何不是真正的ajax</h4><p>浏览器的同源策略和跨域</p>
<p>服务端没有同源策略</p>
<p>哪些 html 标签能跨域</p>
<p>jsonp 的原理</p>
<h4 id="和-的区别"><a href="#和-的区别" class="headerlink" title="== 和 === 的区别"></a>== 和 === 的区别</h4><p>== 会尝试转换</p>
<p>=== 严格相等</p>
<p>== 的 使用场景</p>
<p>null == undefiined   返回 true</p>
<p>if(!x){ console.log(“1”)}</p>
<p>当 x 是 NaN , undefined , null , ‘’ ,0 , false </p>
<p>都会执行 打印 1 的 操作</p>
<p>== 号对于对象来说比较的是地址</p>
<h4 id="函数声明和函数表达式"><a href="#函数声明和函数表达式" class="headerlink" title="函数声明和函数表达式"></a>函数声明和函数表达式</h4><p>函数声明 function fn(){}</p>
<p>函数表达式 const fn = function(){}</p>
<p>函数声明会在代码执行前预加载，而函数表达式不会</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> res = sum(<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">20</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(res)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">sum</span>(<span class="params">x, y</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> x + y;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> sum = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">x,y</span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> x + y ;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> res = sum(<span class="number">10</span>,<span class="number">20</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(res)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<h4 id="new-Object-和-Object-create-的区别"><a href="#new-Object-和-Object-create-的区别" class="headerlink" title="new Object() 和 Object.create() 的区别"></a>new Object() 和 Object.create() 的区别</h4><ul>
<li>{} 等同于 new Object() ,原型 Object.prototype</li>
<li>Object.create(null) 没有原型</li>
<li>Object。create({…}) 指定原型</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> obj1 = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    a: <span class="number">10</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    b: <span class="number">20</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    sum() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">       <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">this</span>.a + <span class="keyword">this</span>.b</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> obj2 = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Object</span>(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    a: <span class="number">10</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    b: <span class="number">20</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    sum() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">this</span>.a + <span class="keyword">this</span>.b</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">obj3 = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Object</span>(obj1)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(obj1 === obj2)  <span class="comment">// false</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(obj1 === obj3) <span class="comment">//true</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// obj4 没有原型</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> obj4 = <span class="built_in">Object</span>.create(<span class="literal">null</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(obj4)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> obj5 = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Object</span>()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(obj5)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>Object.create 的 过程是创建一个空对象，然后把空对象的原型挂到传入的参数对象上</p>
<p>通过Object.create() 能够实现对象的属性和方法共享</p>
<h4 id="关于this的场景题"><a href="#关于this的场景题" class="headerlink" title="关于this的场景题"></a>关于this的场景题</h4><p>this 的指向需要执行的时候才能知道 , 除非使用箭头函数，那么this 的值 会和 定义箭头函数的作用域 的 this 一样</p>
<h4 id="正则表达式"><a href="#正则表达式" class="headerlink" title="正则表达式"></a>正则表达式</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 邮政编码</span></span><br><span class="line">/\d&#123;<span class="number">6</span>&#125;/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 小写英文字母   </span></span><br><span class="line">/^[a - z]+$/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 英文字母</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/^[a-zA-Z]+$/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 日期格式</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/^\d&#123;<span class="number">4</span>&#125;-\d&#123;<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>&#125;-\d&#123;<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>&#125;$/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="手写字符串trim方法"><a href="#手写字符串trim方法" class="headerlink" title="手写字符串trim方法"></a>手写字符串trim方法</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 把字符串两边的空格去掉</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">String</span>.prototype.trim = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">this</span>.replace(<span class="regexp">/^\s+/</span>, <span class="string">''</span>).replace(<span class="regexp">/\s+$/</span>, <span class="string">''</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="如何获取多个数字中的最大值"><a href="#如何获取多个数字中的最大值" class="headerlink" title="如何获取多个数字中的最大值"></a>如何获取多个数字中的最大值</h4><h4 id="如何用JS实现继承"><a href="#如何用JS实现继承" class="headerlink" title="如何用JS实现继承"></a>如何用JS实现继承</h4><ul>
<li>class 继承</li>
<li>prototype 继承</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="如何捕获异常"><a href="#如何捕获异常" class="headerlink" title="如何捕获异常"></a>如何捕获异常</h4><ul>
<li>使用 try catch</li>
<li>自动捕获</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B7130.PNG" alt=""></p>
<h4 id="什么是json"><a href="#什么是json" class="headerlink" title="什么是json"></a>什么是json</h4><ul>
<li>json 是一种数据格式，本质是一段字符串</li>
<li>json格式和js对象结构一致，对js语言更友好</li>
<li>window.JSON 是一个全局对象 : JSON.stringify</li>
<li>JSON.parse</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="获取当前页面的url-参数"><a href="#获取当前页面的url-参数" class="headerlink" title="获取当前页面的url 参数"></a>获取当前页面的url 参数</h4><ul>
<li>传统方式 ,查找 location.search</li>
<li>新 API ,URLSearchParams</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 用于查询url的值，参数是url 中的参数，返回的是 url 中 参数 对应的 值</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">query</span>(<span class="params">name</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> search = location.search </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> p = <span class="keyword">new</span> URLSearchParams(search)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> p.get(name);</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="将-url-参数解析为-js-对象"><a href="#将-url-参数解析为-js-对象" class="headerlink" title="将 url 参数解析为 js 对象"></a>将 url 参数解析为 js 对象</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">queryToObj</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> res = &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> search = location.search.substr(<span class="number">1</span>) <span class="comment">// 去掉前面的 `?`</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    search.split(<span class="string">'&amp;'</span>).forEach(<span class="function"><span class="params">paramStr</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> arr = paramStr.split(<span class="string">'='</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> key = arr[<span class="number">0</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> value = arr[<span class="number">1</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        res[key] = val</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> res;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="手写数组flatern-考虑多层级"><a href="#手写数组flatern-考虑多层级" class="headerlink" title="手写数组flatern,考虑多层级"></a>手写数组flatern,考虑多层级</h4><ul>
<li>二维数组拍平</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">arr &#x3D; [1, 2, 3, [4, 5], 6]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">console.log(Array.prototype.concat.apply([], arr))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">console.log(Array.prototype.concat.call([], 1, 2, 3, [4, 5], 6))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">console.log([].concat(1, 2, 3, [4, 5], 6))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>数组拍平函数</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 用个递归，拍到平为止</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">flat</span>(<span class="params">arr</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 验证 arr 中，还有没有深层数组 [1,2,[3,4]]</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> isDeep = arr.some(<span class="function"><span class="params">item</span> =&gt;</span> item <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="built_in">Array</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!isDeep) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> arr</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> res = <span class="built_in">Array</span>.prototype.concat.apply([], arr);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> flat(res);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="数组去重"><a href="#数组去重" class="headerlink" title="数组去重"></a>数组去重</h4><ul>
<li>遍历元素挨个比较，去重，使用个数组保证数据不重复</li>
<li>使用 Set</li>
<li>先排序。遍历一遍，去重</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">unique</span>(<span class="params">arr</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> res = []</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> arr.filter(<span class="function">(<span class="params">element</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (res.indexOf(element) &gt;= <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">            res.push(element)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">function unique1(arr) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    let set &#x3D; new Set()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    arr.forEach(element &#x3D;&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        if (set.has(element)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            return </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; else &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            set.add(element)</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   return [...set]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="深拷贝"><a href="#深拷贝" class="headerlink" title="深拷贝"></a>深拷贝</h4><ul>
<li>Object.assign()  不是深拷贝</li>
</ul>
<p>它是返回一个新对象，把2个对象或者多个对象的属性进行拷贝，拷贝的只是对象的第一层级。如果对象的属性还是对象，并不会进行拷贝，所以只是拷贝了一个层级。</p>
<h4 id="RAF-requestAnimationFrame"><a href="#RAF-requestAnimationFrame" class="headerlink" title="RAF requestAnimationFrame"></a>RAF requestAnimationFrame</h4><ul>
<li><p>要想动画流畅，更新频率要 60 帧/s ，即 16.67 ms 更新一次视图</p>
</li>
<li><p>setTimeout 要手动控制频率，而 RAF 浏览器会自动控制</p>
</li>
<li><p>后台标签或 隐藏 iframe 中，RAF 会暂停，而 setTimeout 依然执行。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="比较"><a href="#比较" class="headerlink" title="比较"></a>比较</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> obj1 = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    a: <span class="number">100</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    b: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        x: <span class="number">100</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        y:<span class="number">200</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> obj2 = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    a: <span class="number">100</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    b: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        x: <span class="number">100</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        y:<span class="number">200</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 全相等</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">isEqual</span>(<span class="params">obj1, obj2</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!isObject(obj1) || !isObject(obj2)) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 值类型 （注意，参与 equal 的一般不会是函数 ）</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> obj1 === obj2 </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (obj1 === obj2) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 两个都是对象或数组，而且不相等</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 1. 先取出 obj1 和 obj2 的 keys ，比较个数</span></span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> obj1Keys = <span class="built_in">Object</span>.keys(obj1)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> obj2Keys = <span class="built_in">Object</span>.keys(obj2)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (obj1Keys.length !== obj2Keys.length) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">       </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 2. 以 obj1 为基准 ，和 obj2 一次递归比较</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">let</span> key <span class="keyword">in</span> obj1) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 比较当前 key 的 val -- 递归</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> res = isEqual(obj1[key], obj2[key])</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (!res) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 3. 全相等</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 判断是否是对象或者是数组</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">isObject</span>(<span class="params">obj</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">typeof</span> obj === <span class="string">'object'</span> &amp;&amp; obj !== <span class="literal">null</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="split-和-join-的-区别"><a href="#split-和-join-的-区别" class="headerlink" title="split() 和 join() 的 区别"></a>split() 和 join() 的 区别</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">'1-2-3'</span>.split(<span class="string">'-'</span>) <span class="comment">// [1,2,3]</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="number">3</span>].join(<span class="string">'-'</span>)  <span class="comment">// '1-2-3'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="数组的-pop-push-unshift-shift-分别是什么"><a href="#数组的-pop-push-unshift-shift-分别是什么" class="headerlink" title="数组的 pop push unshift shift 分别是什么"></a>数组的 pop push unshift shift 分别是什么</h4><ul>
<li>功能是什么 ?</li>
<li>返回值是什么 ?</li>
<li>是否会对原数组造成影响 ?</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> arr = [<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">30</span>, <span class="number">40</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> popRes = arr.pop()  <span class="comment">// 返回弹出的数字</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(popRes, arr); </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// push </span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> pushRes = arr.push(<span class="number">50</span>);  <span class="comment">// 返回 length</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(pushRes,arr)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// unshift</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> unshiftRes = arr.unshift(<span class="number">5</span>)  <span class="comment">// 返回 length</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(unshiftRes, arr)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// shift</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> shiftRes = arr.shift()  <span class="comment">// 返回弹出的数字</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(shiftRes,arr)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>纯函数</p>
<ol>
<li>不改变源数组 （没有副作用）</li>
<li>返回一个数组</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#x2F;&#x2F; concat</span><br><span class="line">const arr1 &#x3D; arr.concat([50, 60, 70])</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#x2F;&#x2F; map</span><br><span class="line">const arr2 &#x3D; arr.map((num) &#x3D;&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    return num * 10</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#x2F;&#x2F; filter </span><br><span class="line">const arr3 &#x3D; arr.filter((num) &#x3D;&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    if (num &gt; 5) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        return true</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; else &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        return false </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#x2F;&#x2F; forEach</span><br><span class="line">arr.forEach((item) &#x3D;&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    console.log(item)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>forEach 只有遍历数组的作用，回调函数没有返回值，也不会产生新的数组</p>
<p>filter 是过滤器，会返回新的数组</p>
<p>map 也会返回新的数组</p>
<p>some  every   reduce  不改变原数组，也不返回新数组</p>

      

      

      
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        <h4 id="运行环境"><a href="#运行环境" class="headerlink" title="运行环境"></a>运行环境</h4><h5 id="运行环境即浏览器-server-端有-node-js"><a href="#运行环境即浏览器-server-端有-node-js" class="headerlink" title="运行环境即浏览器 (server 端有 node.js)"></a>运行环境即浏览器 (server 端有 node.js)</h5><h5 id="下载网页代码，渲染出页面，期间会执行若干JS"><a href="#下载网页代码，渲染出页面，期间会执行若干JS" class="headerlink" title="下载网页代码，渲染出页面，期间会执行若干JS"></a>下载网页代码，渲染出页面，期间会执行若干JS</h5><h5 id="要保证代码在浏览器中-稳定且高效"><a href="#要保证代码在浏览器中-稳定且高效" class="headerlink" title="要保证代码在浏览器中:稳定且高效"></a>要保证代码在浏览器中:稳定且高效</h5><ul>
<li>网页加载过程</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>从输入 url 到渲染出页面的整个过程</li>
<li>window.onload 和 DOMContentLoaded的区别</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//1.PNG" alt=""></p>
<h6 id="加载资源的形式"><a href="#加载资源的形式" class="headerlink" title="加载资源的形式"></a>加载资源的形式</h6><ul>
<li>html 代码</li>
<li>媒体文件，如图片，视频等</li>
<li>js 和 css</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="加载资源的过程"><a href="#加载资源的过程" class="headerlink" title="加载资源的过程"></a>加载资源的过程</h6><ul>
<li>DNS 解析 : 域名 -&gt; IP 地址</li>
<li>浏览器根据IP地址向服务器发起http请求</li>
<li>服务器处理http请求，并返回给浏览器</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="渲染页面的过程"><a href="#渲染页面的过程" class="headerlink" title="渲染页面的过程"></a>渲染页面的过程</h6><ul>
<li>根据HTML代码生成DOM tree</li>
<li>根据css 代码生成SCCOM</li>
<li>将 DOM tree 和 CSSOM 整合行成 Render Tree</li>
<li>根据 Render Tree 渲染 页面</li>
<li>遇到script 则暂停渲染，优先加载并执行Js代码，完成再继续渲染</li>
<li>直到把render tree 渲染完成</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="性能优化"><a href="#性能优化" class="headerlink" title="性能优化"></a>性能优化</h5><h6 id="原则"><a href="#原则" class="headerlink" title="原则"></a>原则</h6><ul>
<li>多使用内存，缓存或其他方法</li>
<li>减少CPU 计算量，减少网路加载耗时</li>
<li>（适用于所有编程的性能优化  —空间换时间）</li>
<li>chrome浏览器使用多进程实现空间换时间</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="让加载更快"><a href="#让加载更快" class="headerlink" title="让加载更快"></a>让加载更快</h6><p><strong>减少资源体积:压缩代码; gzip 压缩，能压缩到 1/3 左右; 图片压缩</strong></p>
<p><strong>减少访问次数:合并代码，ssr 服务器端渲染，缓存，图片合并</strong></p>
<p><strong>使用更快的网络:cdn</strong></p>
<h6 id="让渲染更快"><a href="#让渲染更快" class="headerlink" title="让渲染更快"></a>让渲染更快</h6><p><strong>把css 放在 header</strong></p>
<p><strong>script 放在body 最后</strong></p>
<p><strong>尽早开始执行JS，用DOMContentLoaded触发</strong></p>
<p><strong>懒加载(图片懒加载，上滑加载更多)</strong></p>
<p><strong>对DOM查询进行缓存</strong></p>
<p><strong>频繁DOM操作，合并到一起插入DOM结构</strong></p>
<p><strong>节流  防抖</strong></p>
<h6 id="缓存"><a href="#缓存" class="headerlink" title="缓存"></a>缓存</h6><p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B780.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p>需要webpack 打包中加入 文件hash</p>
<h6 id="SSR"><a href="#SSR" class="headerlink" title="SSR"></a>SSR</h6><p>服务端渲染:将网页和数据一起加载，一起渲染</p>
<p>非 SSR : 先加载网页，再记载数据，再渲染数据</p>
<h6 id="懒加载"><a href="#懒加载" class="headerlink" title="懒加载"></a>懒加载</h6><p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B788.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p>用 data-realsrc ，判断dom元素是否显示在屏幕内</p>
<h6 id="防抖"><a href="#防抖" class="headerlink" title="防抖"></a>防抖</h6><ul>
<li>监听一个输入框，文字变化后触发change 事件</li>
<li>直接用keyup事件，则会频繁触发 change 事件</li>
<li>防抖:用户输入结束或暂停时，才会触发change 事件</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">debounce</span>(<span class="params">fn, delay = <span class="number">500</span></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> timer = <span class="literal">null</span></span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (timer) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            clearTimeout(timer)</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        timer = setTimeout(<span class="function"><span class="params">()</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">            fn.apply(<span class="keyword">this</span>, <span class="built_in">arguments</span>)</span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">            timer = <span class="literal">null</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,delay)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> input1 = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'input1'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">input1.addEventListener(<span class="string">'keyup'</span>, debounce(<span class="function"><span class="params">()</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(input1.value) <span class="comment">// 模拟触发change 事件</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;,<span class="number">600</span>));</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h6 id="节流"><a href="#节流" class="headerlink" title="节流"></a>节流</h6><ul>
<li>拖拽一个元素时，要随时拿到该元素被拖拽的位置</li>
<li>直接用drag 事件，则会频繁触发，很容易导致卡顿</li>
<li>节流:无论拖拽速度多快，都会每隔100ms 触发一次</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> div1 = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'div1'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">throttle</span>(<span class="params">fn, delay = <span class="number">100</span></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">let</span> timer = <span class="literal">null</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (timer) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    timer = setTimeout(<span class="function"><span class="params">()</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 这个函数中的arguments 就是event </span></span><br><span class="line">        fn.apply(<span class="keyword">this</span>, <span class="built_in">arguments</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        timer = <span class="literal">null</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,delay)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">div1.addEventListener(<span class="string">'drag'</span>, throttle(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">e</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(e.offsetX ,e.offsetY)</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">&#125;,<span class="number">200</span>))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>节流是定时触发，防抖是等到用户暂停操作时才触发</p>
<h4 id="安全"><a href="#安全" class="headerlink" title="安全"></a>安全</h4><p>web 前端攻击方式</p>
<ul>
<li>xss 跨站请求攻击<br><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B790.PNG" alt=""></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B791.PNG" alt=""></p>
<ul>
<li>xsrf  跨站请求伪造<br><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B7100.PNG" alt=""></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B7120.PNG" alt=""></p>
<ul>
<li>使用post 接口</li>
<li>增加验证，例如密码，短信验证码，指纹</li>
</ul>
<p>跨域也是可以携带cookie的，但需要通过前后端进行设置。</p>

      

      

      
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        <h3 id="git"><a href="#git" class="headerlink" title="git"></a>git</h3><p>git  checkout  把文件还原到以前的状态</p>
<p>git checkout -b xxx  切换分支 / git checkout xxx </p>
<p>git  diff  进行修改前后的对比</p>
<p>git push 的前提是 已经把 ssk key 放到了 代码服务器上</p>
<p>git pull 后可能会导致本地代码和服务端代码发生冲突</p>
<p>git push 也可能 导致 服务端代码 和 本地 代码 发生冲突</p>
<p>git merge  合并代码</p>
<p>git pull = git fetch + git merge</p>
<p>基本操作 </p>
<p>git pull / git commit / git push </p>
<p>git commit / git pull /  git commit / git push</p>
<p>服务端的分支和本地的分支 的 同一个名字的分支，其实是2个分支，所以出现代码冲突的时候git 的解决方法 和 把 工作分支的代码合并到主分支时发生冲突的解决方法是一样。</p>
<p>它是通过比较内容和提交版本的差异来判断是否发生冲突的</p>
<h3 id="调试工具"><a href="#调试工具" class="headerlink" title="调试工具"></a>调试工具</h3><ul>
<li>elements</li>
<li>network</li>
<li>console</li>
<li>dehugger</li>
<li>application</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="抓包"><a href="#抓包" class="headerlink" title="抓包"></a>抓包</h3><p>移动端 h5 页，查看网络请求，需要用工具抓包</p>
<p>windows 一般用 fiddler</p>
<p>手机和电脑连同在同一个局域网</p>
<p>将手机代理到电脑上</p>
<p>手机浏览网页，即可抓包</p>
<p>查看网络请求</p>
<p>网址代理</p>
<p>https </p>
<h3 id="webpack-babel"><a href="#webpack-babel" class="headerlink" title="webpack babel"></a>webpack babel</h3><h3 id="linux-常用命令"><a href="#linux-常用命令" class="headerlink" title="linux 常用命令"></a>linux 常用命令</h3><p>测试机也需要保持一致，用linux </p>
<p>vim 编辑器的基本操作</p>

      

      

      
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        <h4 id="描述-cookie-localStorage-sessionStorage-区别"><a href="#描述-cookie-localStorage-sessionStorage-区别" class="headerlink" title="描述 cookie localStorage sessionStorage 区别"></a>描述 cookie localStorage sessionStorage 区别</h4><ul>
<li>cookie</li>
</ul>
<p>本身用于浏览器和server通讯</p>
<p>被借用到本地存储来</p>
<p>可用 document.cookie = ``  来修改</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.cookie = <span class="string">'a=100;b=200;'</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>是追加的过程，而不是覆盖的过程</p>
<p>同一个 key 才会 发生 覆盖，不同的 key 的 话 会追加</p>
<ul>
<li>cookie 的缺点</li>
</ul>
<p>存储大小的限制，最大 4KB</p>
<p>http 请求时需要发送到服务端，增加请求数据量</p>
<p>只能用 document.cookie = <code>...</code> 来修改，太过简陋</p>
<h4 id="localStorage-和-sessionStorage"><a href="#localStorage-和-sessionStorage" class="headerlink" title="localStorage 和 sessionStorage"></a>localStorage 和 sessionStorage</h4><ul>
<li>HTML5 专门为存储而设计，最大可存 5M</li>
<li>API 简单易用 setItem getItem</li>
<li>不会随着 http 请求被发送出去</li>
<li>localStorage 数据会永久存储，除非代码或手动删除</li>
<li>sessionStorage数据只存在于当前会话，浏览器关闭则清空</li>
<li>一般用localStorage 会更多一些</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>容量</li>
<li>API 易用性</li>
<li>是否跟随 http 请求发送出去</li>
</ol>

      

      

      
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        <h5 id="手写一个简单的-ajax"><a href="#手写一个简单的-ajax" class="headerlink" title="手写一个简单的 ajax"></a>手写一个简单的 ajax</h5><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param <span class="type">&#123;string&#125;</span> </span>url </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param <span class="type">&#123;string&#125;</span> </span>method </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@param <span class="type">&#123;object&#125;</span> </span>data </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">ajax</span>(<span class="params">url, method, data</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (method !== <span class="string">"GET"</span> || method !== <span class="string">"POST"</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Error</span>(<span class="string">"暂不支持输入的请求方法"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span>  <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Promise</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">resolve, reject</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> xhr = <span class="keyword">new</span> XMLHttpRequest()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        xhr.open(method, url, <span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        xhr.onreadystatechange = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (xhr.readyState == <span class="number">4</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (xhr.status === <span class="number">200</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    </span><br><span class="line">                    resolve(xhr.responseText)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span>(xhr.status === <span class="number">404</span> || xhr.status === <span class="number">500</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    reject(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Error</span>(<span class="string">'404 not found or 500 server error'</span>))</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        xhr.onerror = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">event</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            reject(event.loaded)</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    </span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="keyword">typeof</span> data === <span class="string">'object'</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            xhr.send(<span class="built_in">JSON</span>.stringify(data))</span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            </span><br><span class="line">            xhr.send(<span class="literal">null</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ajax(<span class="string">"/api"</span>, <span class="string">"GET"</span>, &#123; <span class="attr">userName</span>: <span class="string">"cxtao"</span> &#125;).then(<span class="function">(<span class="params">val</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(value);</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果返回的是json 字符串，则在此处进行json解析</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;).catch(<span class="function">(<span class="params">val</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="keyword">typeof</span> val === <span class="string">"string"</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">"出现错误"</span> + val)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">"完成到"</span> + val / <span class="number">100</span> + <span class="string">"的时候出现中断"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h5 id="跨域的常用实现方式"><a href="#跨域的常用实现方式" class="headerlink" title="跨域的常用实现方式"></a>跨域的常用实现方式</h5><ul>
<li>XMLHttpRequest</li>
<li>状态码</li>
<li>跨域：同源策略，跨域解决方案</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// get 请求</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> xhr = <span class="keyword">new</span> XMLHttpRequest()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// true 表示的是异步的请求</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">xhr.open(<span class="string">"GET"</span>, <span class="string">"/api"</span>, <span class="literal">true</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 当readystate 发生变化的时候会触发这个函数</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">xhr.onreadystatechange = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 这里的函数异步执行</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (xhr.readyState === <span class="number">4</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (xhr.status === <span class="number">200</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            alert(xhr.responseText)</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 因为是get 请求，所以不需要传入参数数据，直接发送就好了</span></span><br><span class="line">xhr.send(<span class="literal">null</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// POST 请求</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> xhr = <span class="keyword">new</span> XMLHttpRequest()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// true 表示的是异步的请求</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">xhr.open(<span class="string">"POST"</span>, <span class="string">"/api"</span>, <span class="literal">true</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 当readystate 发生变化的时候会触发这个函数</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">xhr.onreadystatechange = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 这里的函数异步执行</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (xhr.readyState === <span class="number">4</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (xhr.status === <span class="number">200</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            alert(xhr.responseText)</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> postData = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    userName: <span class="string">"zhangsan"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    password: <span class="string">"xxx"</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">xhr.send(<span class="built_in">JSON</span>.stringify(postData))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//2.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B767.PNG" alt=""></p>
<h4 id="跨域"><a href="#跨域" class="headerlink" title="跨域"></a>跨域</h4><ul>
<li>同源策略</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><p>ajax 请求的时候，浏览器要求当前网页和server必须同源（安全）</p>
</li>
<li><p>同源 : 协议，域名，端口，三者必须一致</p>
</li>
<li><p>加载图片 css js 可无视同源策略</p>
<p>img  可用于统计打点，可使用第三方统计服务</p>
<p>link 可使用cdn,cdn一般都是外域</p>
<p>script 可实现 JSONP</p>
</li>
<li><p>跨域</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>所有的跨域，都必须经过server 端允许和配合</p>
<p>未经server 端允许就实现跨域，说明浏览器有漏洞，危险信号</p>
<ul>
<li>JSONP</li>
</ul>
<p>script 可绕过跨域限制</p>
<p>服务器可以任意动态拼接数据返回</p>
<p>所以，script就可以获得跨域的数据，只要服务器愿意返回</p>
<p>就是，让script访问的地址能访问到动态服务器，然后动态服务器把数据通过js文件返回，并通过http 的头文件告诉浏览器是js 文件</p>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B740.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p>script 也可以传参</p>
<ul>
<li>CORS</li>
</ul>
<p>服务器设置 http header</p>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B770.PNG" alt=""></p>
<ol start="5">
<li>ajax 工具</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Jquery </li>
<li>fetch</li>
<li>axios</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="src-和-href-的区别"><a href="#src-和-href-的区别" class="headerlink" title="src 和 href 的区别"></a>src 和 href 的区别</h4><ol>
<li>可替换的元素上使用src，src属性仅仅嵌入当前资源到当前文档元素定义的位置。href用于在涉及的文档和外部资源之间建立一个关系。href指定网络资源的位置，从而在当前元素或者当前文档和由当前属性定义的需要的锚点或资源之间定义一个链接或者关系</li>
<li>src通常用作“拿取”（引入），href用作”连结前往”（引用）。src 在 img、script、iframe 等元素上使用； href 是超文本引用，指向需要连结的地方在 link和a 等元素上使用。</li>
<li>在请求src资源时会将其指向的资源下载并应用到文档内。</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><p>tcp 面向连接   面向字节流</p>
</li>
<li><p>udp  面向无连接   面向报文</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="原生-ajax-异步提交表单数据"><a href="#原生-ajax-异步提交表单数据" class="headerlink" title="原生 ajax 异步提交表单数据"></a>原生 ajax 异步提交表单数据</h4><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">form</span> <span class="attr">id</span>=<span class="string">"register_form"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">'formVal'</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text"</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"first_name"</span> <span class="attr">placeholder</span>=<span class="string">"FirstName"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">'formVal'</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text"</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"last_name"</span> <span class="attr">placeholder</span>=<span class="string">"LastName"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"submit"</span> <span class="attr">value</span>=<span class="string">"submit_now"</span> <span class="attr">onclick</span>=<span class="string">"myFunction(); return false;"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">form</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">myFunction</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">    <span class="keyword">var</span> elements = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementsByClassName(<span class="string">"formVal"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">    <span class="keyword">var</span> formData =<span class="keyword">new</span> FormData();</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">    <span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">var</span> i=<span class="number">0</span>; i&lt;elements.length; i++)</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        formData.append(elements[i].name,elements[i].value);</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">    <span class="keyword">var</span> xmlHttp = <span class="keyword">new</span> XMLHttpRequest();</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader(<span class="string">"Content-type"</span>,<span class="string">"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">        xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span><span class="params">()</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            if(xmlHttp.readyState == 4 &amp;&amp; xmlHttp.status == 200)</span><br><span class="line">            &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                alert(xmlHttp.responseText);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="actionscript">        xmlHttp.open(<span class="string">"post"</span>, <span class="string">"server.php"</span>); </span></span><br><span class="line">        xmlHttp.send(formData); </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="原生ajax-get-请求传参"><a href="#原生ajax-get-请求传参" class="headerlink" title="原生ajax get 请求传参"></a>原生ajax get 请求传参</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">ajax_get</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//var userName=document.getElementById("userName").value;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//var passWord=document.getElementById("passWord").value;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> userName = <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> passWord = <span class="number">20</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> xmlHttp</span><br><span class="line">xmlHttp=GetXmlHttpObject();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> url=<span class="string">"__MODULE__/Ucenter/ajax_update"</span><span class="comment">//设置要提交action到后台的那个处理请求的文件名</span></span><br><span class="line">url=url+<span class="string">"?userName="</span>+userName+<span class="string">"&amp;passWord="</span>+passWord<span class="comment">//为这个路径加上参数用户名和密码</span></span><br><span class="line">url=url+<span class="string">"&amp;sid="</span>+<span class="built_in">Math</span>.random()<span class="comment">//为这个路径加上一个随机数</span></span><br><span class="line">xmlHttp.open(<span class="string">"GET"</span>,url,<span class="literal">true</span>)<span class="comment">//定义请求的参数</span></span><br><span class="line">xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> XMLHttpReq = xmlHttp;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (XMLHttpReq.readyState == <span class="number">4</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (XMLHttpReq.status == <span class="number">200</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">var</span> text = XMLHttpReq.responseText;</span><br><span class="line">            alert(text);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">xmlHttp.open(<span class="string">"GET"</span>,url,<span class="literal">true</span>)<span class="comment">//定义请求的参数</span></span><br><span class="line">xmlHttp.send()<span class="comment">//发送请求</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
      

      

      
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        <h4 id="事件绑定"><a href="#事件绑定" class="headerlink" title="事件绑定"></a>事件绑定</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 通用的事件绑定函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">bindEvent</span>(<span class="params">elem, type, fn</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    elem.addEventListener(type, fn);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> a = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'link1'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">bindEvent(a, <span class="string">'click'</span>, e =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(e.target) <span class="comment">// 获取触发的元素</span></span><br><span class="line">    e.preventDefault();  <span class="comment">// 阻止默认行为</span></span><br><span class="line">    alert(<span class="string">"clicked"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="事件冒泡"><a href="#事件冒泡" class="headerlink" title="事件冒泡"></a>事件冒泡</h4><p>事件触发后，会往上冒</p>
<p>事件的三个阶段，捕获，目标，冒泡</p>
<p>true 表明该事件监听器绑定在捕获阶段，false 表明绑定在冒泡阶段。默认值是false </p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    bindEvent(a, <span class="string">'click'</span>, e =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    e.stopPropagation(); <span class="comment">// 阻止冒泡行为</span></span><br><span class="line">    alert(<span class="string">"激活"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="事件代理"><a href="#事件代理" class="headerlink" title="事件代理"></a>事件代理</h4><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> div3 = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'div3'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">bindEvent(div3, <span class="string">'click'</span>, e =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    e.preventDefault();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> target = event.target</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 点击的目标是a标签</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (target.nodeName === <span class="string">'A'</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        alert(target.innerHtml)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>代码简介</li>
<li>减少浏览器的内存占用</li>
<li>但是，不要滥用</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="编写一个通用的事件监听函数"><a href="#编写一个通用的事件监听函数" class="headerlink" title="编写一个通用的事件监听函数"></a>编写一个通用的事件监听函数</h5><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 可以支持普通绑定和代理绑定两种方式</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">bindEvent</span>(<span class="params">elem, type, selector, fn</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (fn == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        fn = selector;</span><br><span class="line">        selector = <span class="literal">null</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    elem.addEventListener(type, (event) =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (selector == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 普通绑定</span></span><br><span class="line">            fn(event)</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 代理绑定</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (event.target.matches(selector)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 命中，调用回调函数</span></span><br><span class="line">                fn.call(target,event);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h5 id="描述事件冒泡的流程"><a href="#描述事件冒泡的流程" class="headerlink" title="描述事件冒泡的流程"></a>描述事件冒泡的流程</h5><ul>
<li>基于DOM树形结构</li>
<li>事件会顺着触发元素往上冒泡</li>
<li>应用场景：使用事件代理</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="无限下拉的图片列表，如何监听每个图片的点击"><a href="#无限下拉的图片列表，如何监听每个图片的点击" class="headerlink" title="无限下拉的图片列表，如何监听每个图片的点击?"></a>无限下拉的图片列表，如何监听每个图片的点击?</h5><p><strong>使用事件代理，减少内存</strong></p>

      

      

      
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        <h4 id="从js基础知识到-js-Web-api"><a href="#从js基础知识到-js-Web-api" class="headerlink" title="从js基础知识到 js Web api"></a>从js基础知识到 js Web api</h4><ul>
<li>js 基础知识，规定语法 (ECMA 262 标准)</li>
<li>JS Web api ，网页 操作 的 api (w3c 标准)</li>
<li>前者是后者的基础，两者结合才能真正的实际应用</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="JS-Web-API"><a href="#JS-Web-API" class="headerlink" title="JS Web API"></a>JS Web API</h4><ul>
<li><p>DOM</p>
</li>
<li><p>BOM</p>
</li>
<li><p>事件绑定</p>
</li>
<li><p>存储</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="dom-的本质"><a href="#dom-的本质" class="headerlink" title="dom 的本质"></a>dom 的本质</h4><p>vue 和 react 框架应用广泛，封装了dom操作</p>
<p>但dom操作一直都会是前端工程师的基础，必备知识</p>
<p>只会vue 而不懂dom 操作的前端程序员，不会长久</p>
<h5 id="html-和-xml-的区别"><a href="#html-和-xml-的区别" class="headerlink" title="html 和 xml 的区别"></a>html 和 xml 的区别</h5><p>html 是 xml 的 子集，html的 结构和 xml 一样，但是 html 有自己的各种标签的规定。</p>
<p>DOM 的本质就是一颗树,html 是个文件字符串，DOM是浏览器内存里面已经初始化好的一棵树。DOM 是从html 语言，html 文件解析出来的一棵树。</p>
<h4 id="DOM-节点操作"><a href="#DOM-节点操作" class="headerlink" title="DOM 节点操作"></a>DOM 节点操作</h4><ul>
<li>获取DOM节点</li>
</ul>
<p>DOM 获取到的不是数组，想要使用数组的方法操作DOM，需要先把获取到的集合，转换成数组</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> div1 = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'div1'</span>)   <span class="comment">// 通过 id 获取</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> divList = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementsByTagName(<span class="string">'div'</span>)   <span class="comment">// 通过标签名获取，获取到的是一个集合</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(divList.length);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(divList[<span class="number">0</span>])</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> containerList = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementsByClassName(<span class="string">'.container'</span>) <span class="comment">// 通过 class 获取，返回的也是一个集合</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> pList = <span class="built_in">document</span>.querySelectorAll(<span class="string">'p'</span>) <span class="comment">// 通过css选择器获取，返回的也是一个集合</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>attribute</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B719.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p>对DOM结构属性进行的修改，节点属性的修改</p>
<ul>
<li>property</li>
</ul>
<p>以 js 对象的形式来操作DOM</p>
<p>通过获取和修改js的属性来修改页面样式和渲染结构</p>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B718.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p>property: 修改对象属性，不会体现到 html 结构中</p>
<p>attribute: 修改 html 属性，会改变 html 结构</p>
<p>两者都有可能引起DOM重新渲染</p>
<h4 id="DOM-结构操作"><a href="#DOM-结构操作" class="headerlink" title="DOM 结构操作"></a>DOM 结构操作</h4><ul>
<li>新增/插入节点</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> div1 = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'div1'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> p1 = <span class="built_in">document</span>.createElement(<span class="string">'p'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">p1.innerHTML = <span class="string">'this is p1'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 插入节点</span></span><br><span class="line">div1.appendChild(p1)   <span class="comment">// 添加新创建的元素</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 移动已有节点</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> p2 = <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'p2'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">div1.appendChild(p2);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>获取子元素列表，获取父元素</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#x2F;&#x2F; 获取父元素</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">console.log(p1.parentNode)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#x2F;&#x2F; 获取子元素列表,获取到的不是数组，需要转换成数组再操作</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">console.log( div1.childNodes )</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>删除子元素</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const div1 &#x3D; document.getElementById(&#39;div1&#39;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">const child &#x3D; div.childNodes;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">div1.removeChild(child[0]);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="DOM-性能"><a href="#DOM-性能" class="headerlink" title="DOM 性能"></a>DOM 性能</h4><ul>
<li>DOM 操作非常“昂贵”，避免频繁的DOM操作</li>
<li>对DOM 查询做缓存</li>
<li>将频繁操作改为一次性操作</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//3.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B722.PNG" alt=""></p>
<h4 id="题目"><a href="#题目" class="headerlink" title="题目"></a>题目</h4><h5 id="dom-是哪种数据结构"><a href="#dom-是哪种数据结构" class="headerlink" title="dom 是哪种数据结构"></a>dom 是哪种数据结构</h5><h5 id="dom-操作-常用的-api"><a href="#dom-操作-常用的-api" class="headerlink" title="dom 操作 常用的 api"></a>dom 操作 常用的 api</h5><h5 id="attr-和-property-的区别"><a href="#attr-和-property-的区别" class="headerlink" title="attr 和 property 的区别"></a>attr 和 property 的区别</h5><h5 id="一次性插入多个dom节点，"><a href="#一次性插入多个dom节点，" class="headerlink" title="一次性插入多个dom节点，"></a>一次性插入多个dom节点，</h5><h4 id="BOM"><a href="#BOM" class="headerlink" title="BOM"></a>BOM</h4><p>浏览器对象模型</p>
<p>浏览器的类型  </p>
<p>分析拆解url 各个部分</p>
<p>知识点</p>
<ul>
<li>navigator 浏览器的信息</li>
<li>screen    屏幕的信息</li>
<li>location   地址的信息 （url的信息）</li>
<li>history   前进后退的信息</li>
</ul>
<p>ua 浏览器的信息</p>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B724.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p><img src="http://image.myblog-tao.cn//%E6%8D%95%E8%8E%B726.PNG" alt=""></p>

      

      

      
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    <article id="post-异步进阶" class="article article-type-post  article-index" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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      <a class="article-title" href="/2020/08/26/%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6/">异步进阶</a>
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        <h4 id="异步的缺点"><a href="#异步的缺点" class="headerlink" title="异步的缺点"></a>异步的缺点</h4><p>单线程就是同时只做一件事，两行js 不能同时执行</p>
<p>没按照书写方式执行，可读性差</p>
<p>callback 中不容易模块化</p>
<h4 id="为什么是单线程"><a href="#为什么是单线程" class="headerlink" title="为什么是单线程"></a>为什么是单线程</h4><p>为了避免 DOM 渲染的冲突</p>
<p>浏览器也提供了 webworkers 实现多线程，但是在 webworkers 中不能操作DOM，可以用定时器 和 ajax 的 api</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> w = <span class="keyword">new</span> Worker(<span class="string">'work.js'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 向子线程发送消息</span></span><br><span class="line">w.postMessage(<span class="number">10000</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 接受子线程的消息</span></span><br><span class="line">w.onmessage = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">e</span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(e.data)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 接收父线程发送来的消息</span></span><br><span class="line">self.onmessage = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">e</span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(e.data)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 向父线程发送消息</span></span><br><span class="line"> self.postMessage(sum);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>node.js 才是多进程</p>
<h4 id="eventloop"><a href="#eventloop" class="headerlink" title="eventloop"></a>eventloop</h4><ul>
<li><p>事件循环，异步的实现，js实现异步的具体实现</p>
</li>
<li><p>同步代码，直接执行</p>
</li>
<li><p>异步函数先放在 异步队列中</p>
</li>
<li><p>待同步函数执行完毕，轮询执行  异步队列的函数</p>
</li>
<li><p>有延时的代码，会等到时间到了，再放入异步队列</p>
</li>
<li><p>只要往异步队列塞入回调函数，它就会立刻拿给主线程去执行</p>
</li>
<li><p>网络请求，是数据到来了，就会把成功的回调函数放到异步队列当中。</p>
</li>
<li><p>这里还要引入一个观察者和请求对象的概念，js线程的异步任务会先封装成一个请求对象交由网络线程去执行，待数据返回后，就会把请求对象加到IO观察者队列中，然后事件循环会不停的对各种观察者进行轮询。于是，事件循环就从io观察者中取出请求对象，然后将请求对象的回调函数，交由js线程执行。</p>
</li>
<li><p>定时器任务是直接交给定时器观察者，时间到了，再由定时器观察者交给 事件循环，然后事件循环再交由 js 线程处理</p>
</li>
<li><p>异步队列就是事件循环，前端的叫法</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="promise-的基本使用和原理"><a href="#promise-的基本使用和原理" class="headerlink" title="promise 的基本使用和原理"></a>promise 的基本使用和原理</h4><ul>
<li>基本语法</li>
<li>异常捕获</li>
<li>多个串联</li>
<li>promise.all 和 promise.race</li>
<li>promise 标准</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">loadImg</span>(<span class="params">src</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Promise</span>(<span class="function">(<span class="params">resolve, reject</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> img = <span class="built_in">document</span>.createElement(<span class="string">'img'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        img.onload = <span class="function"><span class="params">()</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            resolve(img)</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        img.onerror = <span class="function"><span class="params">()</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">const</span> err = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Error</span>(<span class="string">`图片加载失败`</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            reject(err)</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        img.src = src </span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> src1 = <span class="string">``</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> src2 = <span class="string">``</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> result1 = loadImg(src1);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> result2 = loadImg(src2);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// promise.all 接收一个  promise 对象 的 数组</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 待全部完成之后，统一执行 success </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">Promise</span>.all([result1, result2]).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">datas</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 接收到的 datas 是一个数组，依次包含了 多个 promise 返回的 内容</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(datas[<span class="number">0</span>])</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(datas[<span class="number">1</span>])</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// Promise.race 接收一个包含多个 promise 对象的 数组</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 只要有一个完成，就执行 success </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">Promise</span>.race([result1, result2]).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">data</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// data 即最先执行完成 的 promise 的 返回值</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(data)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="promise-标准总结"><a href="#promise-标准总结" class="headerlink" title="promise 标准总结"></a>promise 标准总结</h4><ul>
<li>标准</li>
<li>状态变化</li>
</ul>
<p>pending   fulfilled   rejected</p>
<p>初始状态是 pending</p>
<p>pending 变为 fulfilled ，或者 pending 变为 rejected</p>
<p>状态变化不可逆</p>
<ul>
<li>then</li>
</ul>
<p>Promise 实例必须实现 then 这个 方法</p>
<p>then() 必须可以接收 2 个函数作为参数 ， 第一个是成功之后的回调，第二个是失败之后的，回调，失败之后的回调也可以写在 .catch 里面 的 回调函数 也是失败执行 的  回调函数</p>
<h4 id="async-await"><a href="#async-await" class="headerlink" title="async / await"></a>async / await</h4><ul>
<li>then 只是将 callback 拆分了</li>
<li>async / await 是最直接 的 同步写法</li>
<li>使用 await ，函数必须用 async 标识 </li>
<li>await 后面跟的是一个 promise 实例</li>
<li>使用了Promise , 并没有 和 Promise 冲突</li>
<li>完全是同步的写法，再也没有回调冲突</li>
<li>但是: 改变不了 JS 单线程，异步的本质</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="node"><a href="#node" class="headerlink" title="node"></a>node</h4><p>node 先是启动了 http 模块，然后初始化 express 实例，把 express 实例 当作 http 模块 的监听函数 , express 实例的初始化 就是 往 express 实例中 注册 各种 中间件 ，包括 500 的 错误 和 404 的 错误 处理 也是以中间件的形式 进行注册的。res 返回的 数据 要用 model  封装一层 ，然后再 json 序列化 返回 给前端。</p>
<h4 id="generator"><a href="#generator" class="headerlink" title="generator"></a>generator</h4><ul>
<li>原理复杂</li>
<li>不是异步的直接代替方式</li>
<li>有 async/await</li>
</ul>

      

      

      
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